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[Page 2] THE ART AND SCIENCE OF LOW CARBOHYDRATE LIVING AN EXPERT GUIDE TO MAKING THE LIFE-SAVING BENEFITS OF CARBOHYDRATE RESTRICTION SUSTAINABLE AND ENJOYABLE Jeff S. Volek, PhD, RD Stephen D. Phinney, MD, PhD with contributions by: Eric Kossoff, MD | Jacqueline Eberstein, RN | Jimmy Moore Copyright © 2011 Beyond Obesity, LLC All rights reserved. ISBN-13: 978-0-9834907-0-8 E-Book ISBN: 978-0-98349-073-9 Visit us at www.artandscienceoflowcarb.com to order additional copies. [Page 3] TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1: Introduction Introduction Chapter 1: Overview of Low Carbohydrate and Ketogenic Diets Section 2: Perspective Chapter 2: Low Carbohydrate Lessons from Aboriginal Cultures Chapter 3: The “Modern” History of Carbohydrate Restriction Chapter 4: Common Concerns at a Glance Chapter 5: Dietary Carbohydrates: Scientific and Cultural Perspectives Section 3: Physiology Chapter 6: Basic Human Energetics and Fuel Partitioning Chapter 7: Insulin Resistance Chapter 8: Lipoprotein Effects Chapter 9: Effects of Carbohydrate Restriction on Fatty Acid Metabolism Chapter 10: Body Composition and Physical Performance Chapter 11: Personalized Nutrition Chapter 12: Low Carbohydrate Research Pitfalls Section 4: Clinical Applications Chapter 13: Clinical Use of Very Low Calorie and Low Carbohydrate Diets Chapter 14: Metabolic Syndrome Chapter 15: Treating Type-2 Diabetes as Carbohydrate Intolerance Chapter 16: The Importance of Dietary Fat in Long-term Maintenance Chapter 17: The Joy of Cooking (and Eating) Fat Chapter 18: Ten Clinical Pearls [Page 4] Section 5: Guest Chapters Chapter 19: Ketogenic Diets in Seizure Control and Neurologic Disorders By contributing author Eric Kossoff, MD Chapter 20 : Robert C. Atkins, MD – 30 Years of Clinical Practice By contributing author Jacqueline Eberstein, RN Chapter 21: Dear Doctor – A Patient’s Perspective By contributing author Jimmy Moore Acknowledgements About the Authors References Section 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Interesting Times For those of us doing research on low carbohydrate diets, the last decade has given truth to the ancient Chinese curse: “may you live in interesting times.” There has been a flood of scientific publications on everything from clinical studies of carbohydrate- restricted diets to underlying molecular mechanisms that explain how and why they work. And in the public domain, books and articles have critically examined the current dogma that ‘carbohydrates are necessary and good, whereas dietary fats are bad’. Meanwhile, our population just keeps on gaining and gaining: not just adults, but children as well – not just in the US, but elsewhere in the developed and developing [Page 5] world as well. Of course, we are not alone in being concerned about this epidemic of obesity. All sincere doctors, dietitians, scientists, and policy-makers want to turn this process around, but there is as yet no common consensus on what to do and how to do it. There is a glimmer of hope, however. Just as we have seen the consensus change on dietary trans fats and more recently on the high fructose content in our diet, we are beginning to see movement away from diets high in carbohydrates – especially refined carbohydrates and simple sugars. But many of the mainstream experts still warn against