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**Out of Character Surprising Truths about the Liar, Cheat, Sinner (and Saint) Lurking in All of Us** is an educational resource in **Science & Mathematics** (Out of Character Surprising Truths about the Liar, Cheat, S) published to the Reason Orbit knowledge repository.
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[Page 3] Copyright © 2011 by David DeSteno and Piercarlo Valdesolo All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Crown Archetype, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. www.crownpublishing.com Crown Archetype with colophon is a trademark of Random House, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeSteno, David. Out of character : surprising truths about the liar, cheat, sinner (and saint) lurking in all of us / David DeSteno & Piercarlo Valdesolo.—1st ed. p. cm. 1. Character. 2. Conduct of life—Psychological aspects. I. Valdesolo, Piercarlo. II. Title. BF818.D43 2011 155.2—dc22 2010050275 eISBN: 978-0-307-71777-1 v3.1 [Page 4] To our wives, Amy and Liz [Page 5] Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication 1 / S AINTS AND S INNERS The mental battle that defines our character 2 / H YPOCRISY VS . M ORALITY Why no one should throw stones 3 / S OUL M ATE OR P LAYMATE? What makes Mr. or Ms. Right go wrong 4 / F ROM P RIDE TO H UBRIS The deadliest of the seven sins? 5 / C OMPASSIONATE OR C RUEL? Looking into the mirror of the human soul 6 / F AIRNESS AND T RUST The surprising elasticity of the Golden Rule 7 / P LAYING I T S AFE VS . T AKING A G AMBLE Risk, reward, and ruin 8 / T OLERANCE VS . B IGOTRY Why sometimes we just can’t help hating “them” [Page 6] 9 / T RUE C OLORS? Understanding and managing the spectrum of character Acknowledgments Notes Guide to the Lab About the Authors [Page 7] 1 / S S [Page 8] M 1 / S AINTS AND S INNERS The mental battle that defines our character arshall Clement Sanford was an Eagle Scout—literally. The son of a respected Florida family, in his younger years he was a proud member of Boy Scout Troop 509 from Pompano Beach. But these early years weren’t all camp,res and ,shing trips— becoming an Eagle Scout was hard work, both physically and mentally. Besides learning how to tie knots that would hold your weight, mastering the exacting science of log cabin construction, and ,guring out which way was north based on the position of the sun, being an Eagle Scout also constituted, as Marshall would later say, an important and arduous developmental voyage—a voyage “of character, leadership, and persistence.” 1 For him, it was a voyage that appeared to pay o2. Marshall did well for himself. After high school, he graduated from Furman College at the top of his class. He went on to complete an MBA at the University of Virginia’s prestigious Darden School of Business and a summer internship at Goldman Sachs. Marshall was rising fast, widely admired for his skills, for his smarts, and for being a straight shooter. That summer of his Goldman internship was also the summer he met Jenny Sullivan at a party in the Hamptons, and when he returned to New York City that fall